Physical properties of zein-alginate-glycerol edible films and their application in the preservation of chili peppers (Capsicum annuum L.).

Edible films elaborated from macromolecules, like carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, must protect and maintain the integrity of foods during their handling, storage, and transportation. In this work, the effect of the concentration of zein (1-2% w/v), sodium alginate (1.5-2% w/v), and glycerol (2-4% w/v) on edible films physicochemical properties was evaluated. The Zein-Alginate-Glycerol interaction was evidenced by the FTIR analysis, the high permeability to water vapor and contact angles less than 90° of the polymer matrices formed. The film made with 2% zein, 1.5% sodium alginate and 4% glycerol preserved the quality of the chili pepper during 15 days of storage at 20 °C, the edible films allowed 3 more days of shelf life for weight loss and 10 more days for firmness. Edible films could be used in chili peppers that are destined for industrial processing, and before use, remove the film with a simple wash. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01393-z.

Is older age an independent prognostic factor of survival in metastatic colorectal cancer?

INTRODUCTION: Older patients (>75 years) with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) may have worse survival than non-older patients. We hypothesized that, rather than age alone, concurrent factors may be more relevant for real-world survival. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with CRC in a 5-year period (2014-2018) were analyzed to determine which factors influenced in overall survival (OS). Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate OS. Univariate and multivariate analysis was conducted by Cox regression analysis. The study was approved by Ethic Committee. RESULTS: Out of 477 patients diagnosed with CRC, 231 had advanced disease. 92 patients (40%) were older than 75 years, median OS (mOS) was 17.1m (CI95% 14.3-23.3), p<0.001. In non-older patients, mOS was 26.7m (CI95% 21.9-32.6), p<0.001. We evaluated eighteen concurrent factors that included: characteristics related to the patient (age, sex, comorbidities, polypharmacy, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) and nutritional status), to the tumor (stage at diagnosis, tumor side, molecular profile, tumor burden, location, and number of metastasis) and to the treatment administered (systemic treatment for advanced disease, chemotherapy schedule and number of lines, severe adverse events and dose reductions, and surgery of liver metastasis). In the univariate analysis, age at diagnosis, ECOG, nutritional status, tumor side, molecular profile, tumor burden, systemic treatment for advanced disease, and surgery of liver metastases had significant impact on survival. However, multivariate analysis revealed that only four factors (tumor burden, nutritional status, systemic treatment for advanced disease, and surgery of liver metastases) were independently associated with OS, but not older age at diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Older age is not an independent survival prognostic factor for advanced CRC. Tumor burden, nutritional status, systemic treatment for advanced disease and surgery of liver met were significant factors associated with OS. These findings suggest that older patients should not be excluded from cancer treatment based on age alone.

Assessing Muscle Fatigue in Multiple Sclerosis using the Sample Entropy of Electromyographic Signals: A Proof of Concept.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. Its symptoms vary greatly, which makes its diagnosis complex, expensive, and time-consuming. One of its most prevalent symptoms is muscle fatigue. It occurs in about 92% of patients with MS (PwMS) and is defined as a decrease in maximal strength or energy production in response to contractile activity. This article aims to compare the behavior of a healthy control (HC) with that of a patient with MS before and after muscle fatigue. Methods: For this purpose, a static baropodometric test and a dynamic electromyographic analysis are performed to calculate the area of the stabilometric ellipse, the remitting MS (RMS) value, and the sample entropy (SampEn) of the signals, as a proof of concept to explore the feasibility of this test in the muscle fatigue quantitative analysis; in addition, the statistical analysis was realized to verify the results. Results: According to the results, the ellipse area increased in the presence of muscle fatigue, indicating a decrease in postural stability. Likewise, the RMS value increased in the MS patient and decreased in the HC subject and the opposite behavior in the SampEn was observed in the presence of muscle fatigue. Conclusion: Thus, this study demonstrates that SampEn is a viable parameter to estimate muscle fatigue in PwMS and other neuromuscular diseases.

Bioaccumulation of PCBs and PBDEs in Fish from a Tropical Lake Chapala, Mexico.

Lake Chapala is the largest natural freshwater reservoir in Mexico and the third largest lake in Latin America. Lakes are often considered the final deposit of polluting materials; they can be concentrated in the organisms that inhabit them, the water, and the sediments. The PCBs and PBDEs are environmental pollutants highly studied for their known carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. PCB and PBDE bioaccumulation levels were determined in Chirostoma spp., Cyprinus carpio, and Oreochromis aureus. In addition, we monitored the concentrations of PCBs and PBDEs in sediment and water from Lake Chapala were monitored. Samples were collected during two periods, in October 2018 and May 2019. The samples were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Two bioaccumulation factors were determined in fish, one in relation to the concentration of PCBs and PBDEs in sediments and the other in relation to the concentration of PCBs and PBDEs in water. The PCB levels were 0.55-3.29 ng/g dry weight (dw) in sediments, 1.43-2.98 ng/mL in water, 0.30-5.31 ng/g dw in Chirostoma spp., 1.06-6.07 ng/g dw in Cyprinus carpio, and 0.55-7.20 ng/g dw in Oreochromis aureus. The levels of PBDEs were 0.17-0.35 ng/g dw in sediments, 0.13-0.32 ng/mL in water, 0.01-0.23 ng/g dw in Chirostoma spp., 0-0.31 ng/g dw in Cyprinus carpio, and 0.1-0.22 ng/g dw in Oreochromis aureus. This study provides information for a better understanding of the movement, global distribution, and bioaccumulation of PCBs and PBDEs. The results show that the fish, water, and sediments of Lake Chapala are potential risks to the biota and the local human population.

Bioactive compounds in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) variety saladette and their relationship with soil mineral content.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the mineral composition of soils and the bioactive compound content present in tomatoes grown in three regions of Mexico: the state of San Luis Potosí and Tultitlán and Cuautitlán Izcalli from the State of México: Total phenolic compounds, lycopene, and rutin were higher in the Tultitlán tomatoes and were associated with the thallium and magnesium content in the soil. Chlorogenic acid and quercetin in the fruit from C.IZC were associated with molybdenum and nickel found in the soil. A principal component analysis showed that cupper, iron, sodium, manganese, and lead in the soil had a relationship with the antioxidant activity (AA), resveratrol, and naringin in the fruit from SLP. In the soil from TUL, a relationship between thallium with lycopene and rutin with magnesium was found. Some elements in the soil were related to the bioactivities of the fruit.

Design, Implementation, and Validation of a Piezoelectric Device to Study the Effects of Dynamic Mechanical Stimulation on Cell Proliferation, Migration and Morphology.

Cell functions and behavior are regulated not only by soluble (biochemical) signals but also by biophysical and mechanical cues within the cells' microenvironment. Thanks to the dynamical and complex cell machinery, cells are genuine and effective mechanotransducers translating mechanical stimuli into biochemical signals, which eventually alter multiple aspects of their own homeostasis. Given the dominant and classic biochemical-based views to explain biological processes, it could be challenging to elucidate the key role that mechanical parameters such as vibration, frequency, and force play in biology. Gaining a better understanding of how mechanical stimuli (and their mechanical parameters associated) affect biological outcomes relies partially on the availability of experimental tools that may allow researchers to alter mechanically the cell's microenvironment and observe cell responses. Here, we introduce a new device to study in vitro responses of cells to dynamic mechanical stimulation using a piezoelectric membrane. Using this device, we can flexibly change the parameters of the dynamic mechanical stimulation (frequency, amplitude, and duration of the stimuli), which increases the possibility to study the cell behavior under different mechanical excitations. We report on the design and implementation of such device and the characterization of its dynamic mechanical properties. By using this device, we have performed a preliminary study on the effect of dynamic mechanical stimulation in a cell monolayer of an epidermal cell line (HaCaT) studying the effects of 1 Hz and 80 Hz excitation frequencies (in the dynamic stimuli) on HaCaT cell migration, proliferation, and morphology. Our preliminary results indicate that the response of HaCaT is dependent on the frequency of stimulation. The device is economic, easily replicated in other laboratories and can support research for a better understanding of mechanisms mediating cellular mechanotransduction.

Anti-inflammatory effect and inhibition of nitric oxide production by targeting COXs and iNOS enzymes with the 1,2-diphenylbenzimidazole pharmacophore.

Being the base of several non-communicable diseases, including cancer, inflammation is a complex process generated by tissue damage or change in the body homeostatic state. Currently, the therapeutic treatment for chronic inflammation related diseases is based on the use of selective cyclooxygenase II enzyme, COX-2, inhibitors or Coxibs, which have recently regained attention giving their preventive role in colon cancer. Thus, the discovery of new molecules that selectively inhibit COX-2 and other inflammatory mediators is a current challenge in the medicinal chemistry field. 1-Phenylbenzimidazoles have shown potential COX inhibitory activity, because they can reproduce the interaction profile of known COX inhibitors. Therefore, in the present investigation a series of 1,2-diphenylbenzimidazoles (DPBI) with different aromatic substitutions in the para position were synthesized and their interaction with COX-2 and nitric oxide synthase, iNOS, was determined in silico, in vitro and in vivo. Compound 2-(4-bromophenyl)-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole showed the best inhibition towards COX-2, while compounds N-(4-(2-(4-bromophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)acetamide and N-(4-(2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)phenyl)acetamide diminished the production of NO in vitro. Additionally, they had a significant anti-inflammatory activity in vivo when given orally.

Efectos de un programa estructurado de entrenamiento funcional sobre la condición física saludable de adultos jóvenes de Barranquilla (Colombia) / Effects of a structured functional training program on the healthy physical condition of young adults of Barranquilla (Colombia)

Introducción: la programación estructurada del entrenamiento físico contribuye a reducir las probabilidades de padecer enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, de igual manera aumenta la calidad de la salud de las personas, especialmente en los sistemas, cardiovascular, respiratoria, neuromuscular y musculoesquelético. Esto facilita la optimización de la condición física saludable, aspecto que favorece en el individuo el desarrollo de las actividades diarias con máxima funcionalidad, eficiencia y eficacia. Objetivo: Verificar los efectos de un programa estructurado de entrenamiento funcional sobre la resistencia muscular en adultos jóvenes. Materiales y Métodos: Tipo de estudio cuasi experimental, con evaluación pre intervención y post intervención en un grupo experimental. En 15 adultos jóvenes que asisten a un gimnasio de la ciudad de Barranquilla se aplicaron las pruebas: resistencia muscular del tren superior sin límite de tiempo, resistencia muscular del abdomen en 1 min, resistencia muscular de miembros inferiores y flexibilidad, la intervención se realizó con un programa estructurado de entrenamiento funcional comparando pre test y post test. Resultados: post intervención se presentaron cambios significativos comparando los resultados del pre test con los del post test, en resistencia muscular de miembros superiores (media: 33,29 vs 45,57) P: 0,04, flexibilidad (media: 13,57 vs 3,86) P: 0,05. Conclusiones: Se puede constatar que las capacidades de resistencia muscular y flexibilidad se pueden adaptar de manera positiva a través de una intervención con un programa estructurado de entrenamiento funcional, por 8 semanas, con una frecuencia de tres veces por semana por 45 minutos/día.

Introduction: the structured programming of physical training helps to reduce the chances of suffering from chronic noncommunicable diseases, in the same way it increases the quality of people's health, especially in the cardiovascular, respiratory, neuromuscular and musculoskeletal systems. This facilitates the optimization of healthy physical condition, an aspect that favors the individual, the development of daily activities with maximum functionality, efficiency and effectiveness. Objective: To verify the effects of a structured program of functional training on muscular endurance in young adults. Materials and Methods: Type of quasi-experimental study, with pre intervention and post intervention evaluation in an experimental group. In 15 young adults attending a gym in the city of Barranquilla, the tests were applied: upper end muscle resistance without time limit, abdominal muscle resistance in 1 min, lower limb muscle resistance and flexibility, the intervention was performed with a structured program of functional training comparing pretest and postest. Results: significant changes were presented after the intervention, comparing the results of the pre-test with those of the post-test, in muscular resistance of the upper limbs (mean: 33.29 vs 45.57) P: 0.04, flexibility (mean: 13.57 vs. 3.86) P: 0.05. Conclusions: It can be seen that muscular endurance and flexibility capacities can be adapted in a positive way through an intervention with a structured program of functional training, for 8 weeks, with a frequency of three times per week for 45 minutes/day.

Concomitant THC and stress adolescent exposure induces impaired fear extinction and related neurobiological changes in adulthood.

Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) consumption during adolescence is reported to be a risk factor for the appearance of psychiatric disorders later in life. The interaction between genetic or environmental events and cannabinoid exposure in the adolescent period can also contribute to exacerbate behavioural deficits in adulthood. Here we investigate the effects of THC treatment as well as the consequences of concomitant THC and stress exposure during adolescence in the extinction of fear memory in adult mice. Adolescent mice treated with THC and exposed to stress exhibit impaired cued fear extinction in adulthood. However, no effect was observed in animals exposed to these two factors separately. Notably, resistance to fear extinction was associated with decreased neuronal activity in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and the infralimbic prefrontal cortex, suggesting a long-term dysregulation of the fear circuit. These changes in neuronal activation were paralleled with structural plasticity alterations. Indeed, an increase of immature dendritic spines in pyramidal neurons of the BLA was revealed in mice simultaneously exposed to THC and stress. Corticosterone levels were also enhanced after the cued fear conditioning session in the same experimental group. These results show that an interaction between cannabis exposure and stress during adolescence may lead to long-term anxiety disorders characterized by the presence of pathological fear.

Influencia de la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea baja en grasas en el rendimiento en jóvenes regatistas de élite / Influence of low fat Mediterranean diet adherence in young elite sailors' performance

Fundamentos: En las regatas de vela hay muchos factores que pueden afectar al rendimiento del regatista. Entre estos se encuentran la experiencia, el entrenamiento o la dieta. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar si existen asociaciones entre la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea baja en grasas (ADMBG) y la edad, el número de entrenamientos, la experiencia y el tipo de bote en regatistas jóvenes; así como estudiar las diferencias entre una alta o baja adherencia DMBG y alto o bajo IMC sobre las variables indicadas.Métodos:75 regatistas rellenaron un cuestionario sobre datos socio-demográficos, deportivos, y el cuestionario PREDIMED sobre ADMBG. El peso y la estatura fueron medidos mediante bioimpedancia eléctrica y tallímetro. Resultados: se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p=0.045), para el IMC entre regatistas con alta y baja ADMBG. En cuanto a la comparación entre grupos con diferentes rangos de IMC, se observaron diferencias entre regatistas con más experiencia mostraron un mayor IMC (p=0.004), también obtuvieron mayor IMC los que mejor posición en ocupaban en el ranking (p=0.026). Conclusiones: los regatistas con mayor ADMBG, más experiencia y mayor nivel, mostraron un mayor IMC

Background: In the sailing races (regattas) there are many factors that can affect the performance of the sailor, like his experience, training or diet. The objective of this study was to analyze if there exists associations between adherence to a low fat Mediterranean diet (LFMDA) and conditions such as: the age, number of trainings, experience and type of boat in young sailors. As well as studying the differences between a high or low adhesion to the LFMDA and a high or low BMI on specified variables. Methods: 75 sailors contributed their sporting, socio-demographic data, and filled out the PREDIMED questionnaire on LFMD. Their weight and height were measured using electrical bioimpedance and a professional medical scale. Results: statistically significant differences were found on the BMI (p = 0.045) among sailors with high and low adherence to a LFMDA. As for the comparison between groups with different ranges of BMI, differences between sailors with more experience showed a major BMI (p = 0.004), also the sailors that occupied better positions in the ranking obtained greater BMI (p = 0.026). Conclusions: the sailors adhering better to the LFMDA, with more experience and higher level of performance, showed a greater IMC

A bionanohybrid ZnAl-NADS ecological pesticide as a treatment for soft rot disease in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.).

Pectobacterium carotovorum (Pc) is a phytopathogenic strain that causes soft rot disease in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), resulting in postharvest losses. Chemical control is effective for managing this disease, but overdoses cause adverse effects. Because farmers insist on using chemical agents for crop protection, it is necessary to develop more effective pesticides in which the active compound released can be regulated. In this context, we proposed the synthesis of ZnAl-NADS, in which nalidixic acid sodium salt (NADS) is linked to a ZnAl-NO3 layered double hydroxide (LDH) host as a nanocarrier. XRD, FT-IR, and SEM analyses confirmed the successful intercalation of NADS into the interplanar LDH space. The drug release profile indicated that the maximum release was completed in 70 or 170 min for free NADS (alone) or for NADS released from ZnAl-NADS, respectively. This slow release was attributed to strong electrostatic interactions between the drug and the anion exchanger. A modulated release is preferable to the action of the bulk NADS, showing increased effectiveness and minimizing the amount of the chemical available to pollute the soil and the water. The fitting data from modified Freundlich and parabolic diffusion models explain the release behavior of the NADS, suggesting that the drug released from ZnAl-NADS bionanohybrid was carried out from the interlamellar sites, according to the ion exchange diffusion process also involving intraparticle diffusion (coeffect). ZnAl-NADS was tested in vitro against Escherichia coli (Ec) and Pc and exhibited bacteriostatic and biocidal effects at 0.025 and 0.075 mg mL-1, respectively. ZnAl-NADS was also tested in vivo as an ecological pesticide for combating potato soft rot and was found to delay typical disease symptoms. In conclusion, ZnAl-NADS can potentially be used to control pests, infestation, and plant disease.

Toxicidad neurológica por ertapenem en paciente con enfermedad renal crónica estadio IV / Ertapenem-induced neurological toxicity in a patient with stage IV chronic kidney disease

No disponible

Conductas disruptivas desde la óptica del docente: validación de una escala / Disruptive behaviours from teacher’s perception: validating a scale

En los últimos años han aumentado significativamente las dificultades para impartir clases, debido a lo que se conoce como disrupción en el aula. Prueba de ello son las numerosas publicaciones recientes en torno al tema, así como la frecuencia con la que dicha cuestión aparece en los medios de comunicación. El objetivo principal de esta investigación consiste en validar una escala con el propósito de conocer objetivamente la opinión de los profesionales de la educación sobre las conductas disruptivas en el aula. Teniendo en cuenta literatura previa y utilizando un panel de expertos, se desarrolló una nueva escala de 15 ítems. Se aplicó a una muestra de 346 profesionales, con una media de edad de 43 años. Se llevó a cabo un análisis factorial exploratorio, un análisis de componentes principales y un análisis de correlaciones entre factores. Dichos análisis han permitido comprobar que la estructura factorial de las escalas converge con los factores previstos y reafirma su peso y nivel de confianza. Todo ello permite concluir que la escala es válida para medir la óptica del profesorado respecto a la cuestión objeto de estudio. Los datos indican un óptimo ajuste de la estructura tridimensional para los ítems de la escala

In recent years difficulties in the field of teaching have increased considerably, due to what it is known as disruptive classroom behaviour. Proof of this can be seen in the fact that this topic is the focus of numerous recent studies and also in the fact that this question appears frequently in the media. The main purpose of this study is to validate a scale in order to know objectively the views of educational professionals about disruptive classroom behaviours. Taking into account previous literature and working with a panel of experts, a new scale of 15 items was developed. The scale was distributed to a sample composed of 346 professionals with an average age of 43. An exploratory factor analysis, a principal components analysis and an analysis of correlations between factors were applied. Such analyses have confirmed that the factorial structure of the scales converges towards the anticipated factors and it reaffirms its weight and confidence level. It can be concluded from this that the scale is valid for measuring the perception of teachers regarding the question being studied. The data indicates an optimum fit of the three-dimensional structure to the items of the scale

Teachers' perception of disruptive behaviour in the classrooms.

BACKGROUND: Disruptive behaviour is becoming more frequent in the classroom and is specifically associated with behaviours that hinder and obstruct the teaching-learning process. The main purpose of this paper was to investigate teachers’ perceptions of this question. More specifically, we sought to observe how teachers rate the measures proposed to improve teaching, to find out which forms of schooling are preferred so as to address disruption, to identify its causes and to analyse whether there are differences arising from teacher characteristics. METHOD: 346 participants completed a disruptive-behaviour Likert-scale. The average age is 43.47, 82.9% female and 13.6% male. RESULTS: All measures are widely accepted, but there are differences in the priority given, the ideal forms of schooling is ordinary centres, although differences still exist depending on teacher characteristics; all the causes of increased problems are highly rated, with the absence of rules and limits in the family standing out. CONCLUSIONS: Teachers are calling for improvements and institutional support. Any forethought on how to improve the quality of the education system should take into account the results of this study.

Relationship between the elemental composition of grapeyards and bioactive compounds in the Cabernet Sauvignon grapes Vitis vinífera harvested in Mexico.

The red grape Vitis vinífera is an important source of phenolic compounds, which can prevent disease if included as a part of a diet. The levels of these compounds in grapes have been associated with various environmental factors, such as climate, soil composition, and biotic stress. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the elemental compositions of the soil and the grapes and the presence of bioactive compounds, such as catechin, epicatechin, piceid and resveratrol. Ethanol-based extracts of red grapes were used to quantify total and individual phenolic compounds by HPLC. It was observed that the elemental compositions of the soil and the grapes were related to their locations within different wine-producing regions. A principal component analysis showed a relationship between high metal content (Sr, Mn, Si and Pb) and higher concentrations of antioxidants in the grapes.

Involvement of the orexin/hypocretin system in the pharmacological effects induced by Δ(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Anatomical, biochemical and pharmacological evidence suggest the existence of a crosstalk between the orexinergic and endocannabinoid systems. While the orexin receptor 1 (OX1 receptor) modulates the reinforcing properties of cannabinoids, the participation of orexins in the acute pharmacological effects of Δ(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) remains unexplored. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: We assessed the possible role of orexins in THC-induced hypolocomotion, hypothermia, antinociception, anxiolytic- and anxiogenic-like effects and memory impairment. Selective OX1 and OX2 receptor antagonists and OX1 knockout (KO) mice as well as prepro-orexin (PPO) KO mice were used as pharmacological and genetic approaches. CB1 receptor levels in control and PPO KO mice were evaluated by immunoblot analysis. The expression of c-Fos after THC treatment was analysed in several brain areas in wild-type mice and in mice lacking the PPO gene. KEY RESULTS: The hypothermia, supraspinal antinociception and anxiolytic-like effects induced by THC were modulated by orexins through OX2 receptor signalling. OX1 receptors did not seem to be involved in these THC responses. No differences in CB1 receptor levels were found between wild-type and PPO KO mice. THC-induced increase in c-Fos expression was reduced in the central amygdala, medial preoptic area and lateral septum in these mutant mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Our results provide new findings to further clarify the interaction between orexins and cannabinoids. OX1 and OX2 receptors are differently implicated in the pharmacological effects of cannabinoids.

Carbonyl-carbonyl interactions and amide π-stacking as the directing motifs of the supramolecular assembly of ethyl N-(2-acetylphenyl)oxalamate in a synperiplanar conformation.

The title compound, C12H13NO4, is one of the few examples that exhibits a syn conformation between the amide and ester carbonyl groups of the oxalyl group. This conformation allows the engagement of the amide H atom in an intramolecular three-centred hydrogen-bonding S(6)S(5) motif. The compound is self-assembled by C=O...C=O and amide-π interactions into stacked columns along the b-axis direction. The concurrence of both interactions seems to be responsible for stabilizing the observed syn conformation between the carbonyl groups. The second dimension, along the a-axis direction, is developed by soft C-H...O hydrogen bonding. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory were performed to support the experimental findings.

Safety and immunogenicity of a booster dose of the 10-valent pneumococcal nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine coadministered with DTPw-HBV/Hib and poliovirus vaccines.

The safety and reactogenicity profiles of the 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, PHiD-CV, and 7vCRM were comparable within the Philippines and Poland when coadministered as a booster dose with DTPw-HBV/Hib and poliovirus vaccines to toddlers primed with the same vaccines. Robust immune responses for all 10 vaccine pneumococcal serotypes and protein D following PHiD-CV booster vaccination were indicative of effective priming.